![]() Migration is highly demanding energetically, particularly as birds need to cross deserts and oceans without refuelling. Before migration, birds substantially increase body fats and reserves and reduce the size of some of their organs. These birds are characterised by a breeding season spent in the temperate or arctic/antarctic regions and a non-breeding season in the tropical regions or opposite hemisphere. ![]() ![]() Many landbirds, shorebirds, and waterbirds undertake annual long distance migrations, usually triggered by the length of daylight as well as weather conditions. ![]() These migrations vary among the different groups. Many bird species migrate to take advantage of global differences of seasonal temperatures, therefore optimising availability of food sources and breeding habitat.
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